Understanding Galaxy Formation: Clues to the Universe's Dark Matter and Energy

Explore how galaxies formed from gas clouds after the Big Bang, evolving through mergers, starbursts, and the influence of dark matter

 Galaxies began to form around 13.5 billion years ago, roughly 300 million years after the Big Bang.

Cosmic Beginnings

Initially, galaxies formed from gas clouds collapsing under gravity, leading to star formation.

Primordial Soup

Invisible dark matter provided the gravitational "scaffolding" that allowed gas and stars to coalesce into galaxies.

Dark Matter’s Role

 Smaller galaxies merged over time to form larger ones, a process known as hierarchical clustering.

Hierarchical Growth

Mergers and interactions can trigger intense periods of star formation known as starbursts.

Starbursts

Galaxies can change shape over billions of years, evolving from irregular blobs to structured spirals or ellipticals.

Shape Shifters

 Most large galaxies harbor supermassive black holes at their centers, influencing their dynamics and evolution.

Supermassive Centers

Galaxies are not isolated; they are part of a vast cosmic web of filaments and voids, influencing their formation and interaction.

Cosmic Web

Galaxy formation is an ongoing process, with new stars and structures forming even today, contributing to the dynamic universe.

Ongoing Evolution

Stellar winds, supernovae, and black hole jets contribute to galaxy evolution by regulating star formation and redistributing gas